Selected Publications- Chris Willis

           (1990 – Present)

A.J. Bunt, C. D. Bailey, B.D. Cons, S.J. Edwards, J. D. Elsworth, T. Pheko and C. L. Willis, Bicyclic Oxygen Heterocycles from alpha-delta-Unsaturated Alcohols: Synthetic Targets Inspired by Blepharocalyxin D, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 51, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108315

R. W. Scott, C. Mazzetti, N. Saunders, T. J. Simpson and C. L. Willis -Lactones from -lactones: Total Synthesis of the Pseudomonic Acid Biosynthetic Derailment Product Mupirocin H, Chem Commun, 2012, 2639-2641.51.

R. W. Scott, A. C. Murphy, J. Wu, J. Hothersall, R. J. Cox, T. J. Simpson, C. M. Thomas and C. L. Willis Mupirocin F: Structure Elucidation, Synthesis and Rearrangements, Tetrahedron, 2011, 67, 5098-5106.

R. W. Scott, A. C. Murphy, J. Wu, J. Hothersall, R. J. Cox, T. J. Simpson, C. M. Thomas and C. L. Willis Mupirocin F: Structure Elucidation, Synthesis and Rearrangements, Tetrahedron, 2011, 67, 5098-5106.

D. Fukuda, A.S. Haines, Z. Song, A.C. Murphy, J. Hothersall, E.R. Stephens, R. Gurney, R.J. Cox, J. Crosby, C.L. Willis, T.J. Simpson and C.M. Thomas, A natural plasmid uniquely encodes two biosynthetic pathways creating a potent anti-MRSA hybrid, PLOS ONE, 2011, 6 (issue 3), e18031.

J. Hothersall, A. C. Murphy, Z. Iqbal, G. Campbell, E. R. Stephens, J. Wu, H. Cooper, S. Atkinson, P. Williams, J. Crosby, C. L. Willis, R. J. Cox, T. J. Simpson and C. M. Thomas,“Manipulation of quorum sensing regulation in Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586 to increase mupirocin production”, Appl. Microbiol. and Biotechnol., 2011, 90, 1017-1026.

S. Tapaneeyakorn, A.D. Goddard, J. Oates, C. L. Willis and A. Watts, Solution- and solid-state NMR studies of GPCRs and their ligands, Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembranes, 2011, 1808, 1462-1475.

A. C. Murphy, D. Fukuda, Z. Song, J. Hothersall, R. J. Cox, C. L. Willis, C. M. Thomas and T. J. Simpson, Engineered thiomarinol antibiotics active against MRSA are generated by mutagenesis and mutasynthesis of Pseudomonas SANK73390, Angew. Chem., 2011, 50, 3271-3274.

D.O. Rees, N. Bushby, J.R. Harding and C.L. Willis, Synthesis of isotopically labeled amino acids, J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm., 2007, 50, 399-401.

A. Jordan, L.C. Axford, J.R. Harding, Y. O’Connell, T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis, Methods for the synthesis of carbon-13 labelled acids and esters, J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm., 2007, 50, 338-341.

D.O. Rees, N. Bushby, R.J. Cox, J.R. Harding, T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis, Synthesis of [1,2- ¹³C₂,¹⁵N]-L-homoserine and incorporation by the PKS-NRPS system of Fusarium moniliforme into the mycotoxin fusarin C, ChemBioChem., 2007, 8, 46-50.

A.C. Durow, G.C. Long, S.J. O’Connell and C.L. Willis, Total synthesis of the marine natural product dysamide B, Org. Lett., 2006, 8, 5401-5404.

P.M. Flatt, S.J. O’Connell, K.L. McPhail, G. Zeller, C.L. Willis, D.H. Sherman and W.H. Gerwick, Characterization of the initial enzymatic steps of barbamide biosynthesis, J. Nat.Prod., 2006, 69, 938-944.

C.S. Barry, J.D. Elsworth, P.T. Seden, N. Bushby, J.R. Harding, R.W. Alder and C.L. Willis, “Total synthesis of the marine natural product (-)-clavosolide A”, Org. Lett, 2006, 8, 3319-3322.

D. Dawbarn, M. Fahey, J. Watson, S. Tyler, D. Shoemark, R. Zhang, L. Brady, C. Willis and S.J. Allen, NGF receptor TrkAd5: therapeutic agent and drug design target, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2006, 34, 587-590.

C.S. Barry, N. Bushby, J.P.H. Charmant, J.D. Elsworth, J.R. Harding and C.L. Willis, Total synthesis of a diastereomer of the marine natural product clavosolide A. Chem. Comm.,2005, 5097-5099.

C.S. Barry, N. Bushby, J.R. Harding, R.A. Hughes, G.D. Parker, R. Roe and C.L. Willis, Probing the mechanism of Prins cyclisations and application to the synthesis of 4-hydroxytetrahydropyrans. Chem. Comm., 2005, 3727-3729.

C.S. Barry, N. Bushby, J.R. Harding and C.L. Willis, Stereoselective synthesis of the tetrahydropyran core of polycavernoside A. Org. Lett., 2005, 7, 2683-2686.

C. Le Sann, D.M. Muñoz, N. Saunders, T.J. Simpson, D.I. Smith, F. Soulas, P. Watts and C.L. Willis, Assembly intermediates in polyketide biosynthesis: Enantioselective syntheses of b-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2005, 3, 1719-1728.

D.M. Muñoz, S.C. Passey, T.J. Simpson, C.L. Willis, J.B. Campbell and R. Rosser, Two approaches to the synthesis of the macrodiolide colletotriene, Aust. J. Chem., 2004, 645-649.

C. St. J. Barry, J.R. Harding, C.D. King, G.D. Parker and C.L. Willis, “Stereocontrolled synthesis of oxygen containing heterocycles” in "Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Volume 8, Eds. D. Dean, C. Filer and K. McCarthy, Wiley, 2004, 137-140.

J.E. Clare, K.W.M. Lawrie, C.L. Willis and J. Yuen, "Synthesis of isotopically labelled nitrogen heterocycles" in Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Volume 8, Eds. D. Dean, C. Filer and K. McCarthy, Wiley, 2004, 1-4.

A.G. Jamieson, A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, The first enantioselective synthesis of the amino acid, (2S,3S,4R)-g-hydroxyleucine using a palladium (II) catalysed 3,3-sigmatropic rearrangement. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2004, 808-809.

L.C. Axford, T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis, Synthesis and incorporation of the first PKS-free intermediate in monocerin biosynthesis, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed, 2004, 727-730.

J.E. Clare, C.L. Willis, J. Yuen, K.W.M. Lawrie, J.P.H. Charmant and A. Kantcha, Intermediates in the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles: Addition of acylated camphorsultams to nitroalkenes, Tetrahedron Lett., 2003, 44, 8153-8156.

C. St.J Barry, S.R. Crosby, J.R. Harding, R.A. Hughes, C.D. King, G.D. Parker and C.L. Willis, Stereoselective synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,3,6-trisubstituted tetrahydropyrans. Org. Lett., 2003, 5, 2429-2432.

W.H. Gerwick, P. Leslie, G.C. Long, B.L. Marquez and C.L. Willis, [6-¹³C]-(2S,4S)-5-Chloroleucine: Synthesis and incubation studies with cultures of the cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula. Tetrahedron Lett., 2003, 44, 285-288.

S.R. Crosby, J.R. Harding, C.L. King, G.D. Parker and C.L. Willis, Prins cyclisations: labeling studies and application to natural product synthesis. Org. Lett., 2002, 4, 3407-3410.

Z. Chang, P. Flatt, W.H. Gerwick, V.-A. Nguyen, C.L. Willis and D.H. Sherman, The barbamide biosynthetic gene cluster: a novel marine cyanobacterial system of mixed polyketide (PKS)-non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) origin involving an unusual trichloromethyl starter unit. Gene, 2002, 296, 235-247.

S.R. Crosby, J.R. Harding, C.D. King, G.D. Parker and C.L. Willis, Oxonia-Cope rearrangement and side-chain exchange in the Prins cyclisation" Org. Lett., 2002, 4, 577-580.

J.L. Ward, P. Gaskin, R.G.S. Brown, G.S. Jackson, P. Hedden, A.L. Phillips, C.L. Willis and M.H. Beale, Probing the mechnism of loss of carbon-20 in gibberellin biosynthesis. Synthesis of gibberellin 3a,20-hemiacetal and 19,10-lactol analogues and their metabolism by recombinant GA 20-oxidase. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2002, 232-241.

V.-A. Nguyen, C.L. Willis and W.H. Gerwick, Total synthesis of the marine natural product barbamide. Chem. Commun, 2001, 1934-1935.

E.H. Al-Mutairi, S.R. Crosby, J. Darzi, J.R. Harding, R.A. Hughes, C.D. King, T.J. Simpson, R.W. Smith and C.L. Willis, Stereocontrolled synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted tetrahydropyrans. Chem. Commun., 2001, 835-836.

J.A. O'Neill, T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis, "Synthetic and biosynthetic studies on macrocyclic dilactones" in "Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, vol 7", Ed. U. Pleiss and R. Voges, Wiley, 2001, 636-639.

K.W.M. Lawrie, C.L. Kelly, P. Morgan and C.L. Willis, "Multicomponent condensations for the synthesis of isotopically labelled amino acids" in "Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds Vol 7", Ed. U. Pleiss and R. Voges, Wiley, 2001, 291-294.

Invited Review: A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Synthesis of fluorinated amino acids. Nat. Prod. Reports, 2000, 17, 621-631.

N. Sitachitta, B.L. Marquez, R.T. Williamson, J. Rossi, M.A. Roberts, W.H. Gerwick, V-A. Nguyen and C.L. Willis, Barbamide and dechlorobarbamide, molliscicidal agents from the marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula: Biosynthetic pathway and origin of the chlorinated methyl group. Tetrahedron, 2000, 56, 9103-9113.

C.L. Kelly, K.W.M. Lawrie, P. Morgan and C.L. Willis, Ugi four component condensations using aldehydes with an asymmetric centre at C-2. Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41, 8001-8005.

J.R. Harding, R.A. Hughes, N.M. Kelly, A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Syntheses of isotopically labelled L-amino acids with an asymmetric centre at C-3. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2000, 3406-3416.

S. Clough, M.E. Raggatt, T.J. Simpson, C.L. Willis, A. Whiting and S.K. Wrigley, Structure elucidation and synthesis of (4S,5S,6Z,8E)-5-hydroxydeca-6,8-dien-4-olide (S,S, Sapinofuranone B) - a novel g-lactone metabolite of Acremonium strictum. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2000, 2475-2481.

C. Mckay, T.J. Simpson, C.L. Willis, A.K. Forrest and P.J. O'Hanlon, A versatile approach to the total synthesis of the pseudomonic acids. Chem. Commun., 2000, 1109-1110.

G. Bhalay, S. Clough, L. McLaren, A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Synthesis and enzyme-catalysed reductions of 2-oxo acids with oxygen containing side-chains. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2000, 901-910.

S. R. Crosby, M. J. Hateley and C.L. Willis, Chemoenzymatic syntheses of cis- and trans-3-hydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron Letters, 2000, 41, 397-401.

M.D. Fletcher, J.R. Harding, R.A. Hughes, N.M. Kelly, H. Schmalz, A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Three approaches to the synthesis of L-leucine selectively labelled with carbon-13 or deuterium in either diastereotopic methyl group, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2000, 43-52.

F. Ahmed, E.H. Al-Mutairi, K.L. Avery, P.M. Cullis, W.U. Primrose, G.C.K. Roberts and C.L. Willis, An unusual matrix of stereocomplementarity in the hydroxylation of monohydroxy fatty acids catalysed by cytochrome P₄₅₀ from Bacillus megaterium with potential application in biotransformations. Chem. Commun., 1999, 2049-2050.

A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Probes for the active sites of leucine dehydrogenase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letts., 1999, 9, 1941-1944.

C. LeSann, T.J. Simpson, D.I. Smith, P. Watts and C.L. Willis, A general synthesis of homochiral b-hydroxy N-acetylcysteamine thioesters. Tetrahedron Lett., 1999, 40, 4093-4096.

G. Gibbs, M.J. Hateley, L. McLaren, M. Welham and C.L. Willis, Enantioselective synthesis of 3-hydroxypiperidin-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett., 1999, 40, 1069-1072.

J.A. Macritchie, A. Silcock and C.L. Willis, Iodocyclisation studies on unsaturated a-hydroxy esters. Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 7415-7418.

A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Chemoenzymatic synthesis of 4-amino-2-hydroxy acids: A comparison of mutant and wild-type oxidoreductases. J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 7764-7769.

N. Sitachitta, J. Rossi, M.A. Roberts, W.H. Gerwick, M.D. Fletcher and C.L. Willis, Biosynthesis of the marine cyanobacterial metabolite barbamide. 1. Origin of the trichloromethyl group, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 7131-7132 (highlighted in J. Hartung, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1999, 38, 1209-1211).

M.D. Fletcher, N.M. Kelly, A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, "Enantioselective synthesis of L-a-amino acids incorporating stable isotopic labels", in Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds 1997, Ed. J. R. Heys and D. G. Melillo, Wiley, 1998, p161-165.

J.A. Macritchie, A. Silcock and C.L. Willis, Enantioselective synthesis of unsaturated a-hydroxy acids. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997, 8, 3895-3902.

C. Clissold, C.L. Kelly, K.W.M. Lawrie and C.L. Willis, Synthesis of tetrasubstituted d-lactones, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 8105-8108.

M. Penny, S.M. Westaway and C.L. Willis, Displacement of bridgehead sulfonate esters with organometallic reagents: Synthesis of 13-alkylated gibberellins. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, 2989-2995.

T.J. Simpson, R.W. Smith, S.M. Westaway, C.L. Willis, A.J. Buss, R. Carnell, M. Dawson and B.A.M. Rudd, Enantioselective synthesis of a putative hexaketide in squalestatin biosynthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 5367-5370.

A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Enantioselective synthesis of a-amino-b-hydroxy acids, [¹⁵N]-L- allothreonine and [¹⁵N]-L-threonine. Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 1837-1840.

J.L. Ward, G.J. Jackson, M.H. Beale, P. Gaskin, P. Hedden, L.N. Mander, A.L. Phillips, H.Seto, M.Talon, C.L. Willis, T.M. Wilson and J.A.D. Zeevaart, Stereochemistry of the oxidation of the gibberellin 20-alcohols, GA₁₅ and GA₄₄, to 20-aldehydes by gibberellin 20-oxidases. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1997, 13-14.

Invited review: N. M. Kelly, A. Sutherland and C. L. Willis, Synthesis of amino acids incorporating stable isotopes. Nat. Prod. Reports, 1997, 14, 205-219.

M.H. Beale, H. Loaring, T. Peakman, M. Penny and C.L. Willis, Unusual reactions of methanesulfonyl esters: Syntheses of 3a- and 3b-methylgibberellin A₂₀. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, 433-442

S. Findlow, P.A. Harrison, M. Penny, C.L. Willis, P.Gaskin and J.R. Lenton. Synthesis of gibberellins A₉₃ and A_{94, natural products detected in wheat grain. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, 751-757.}

N. Bernard, J. Delcour, A. Alvarez, A. Cortes, K. Johnsen, C.L. Willis, C.R. Dunn, A.R. Clarke and J. J. Holbrook, Correction of substrate inhibition in dehydrogenases. 24th Meeting Federation of European Biochemical Societies, Barcelona, 1996, 79.

N. Bernard, J. Delcour, A. Alvarez, A. Cortes, C.L. Willis, C.R. Dunn and J.J. Holbrook, Engineering to correct substrate inhibition in a commercial dehydrogenase, 5th Perspectives on Protein Engineering Conference, Montpellier, 1996, 25.

T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis, "Enzymatic and Chemical Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Amino Acids and Metabolic Intermediates", Chiral Europe '96 Spring Innovations, 1996, 49-55.

N.M. Kelly, R. G. Reid, C.L.Willis and P.L. Winton, Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of isotopically labelled L-valine, L-isoleucine and alloisoleucine. Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 1517-1520.

J.A. O'Neill, S. D. Lindell, T.J. Simpson and C.L.Willis. Enantioselective synthesis of the 13-membered ring macrodiolide, bartanol. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1996, 637-644.

A. Sutherland and C.L. Willis, Synthesis of [6-¹³C]-L-lysine. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm., 1996, 38, 95-102.

N. Broome, P.J. O'Hanlon, T.J. Simpson, R. Stephen and C.L. Willis, Studies on the stereoselectivity of the osmylation of cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-enes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1995, 3067-3072.

C.L. Willis and M. Wills, "Organic Synthesis", Oxford University Press, 1995 subsequently translated into German (1997), Polish (2004) and Indonesian (2004).

N.M. Kelly, R.G. Reid, C.L.Willis and P.L. Winton, Method for the synthesis of L-leucine selectively labeled with carbon-13 or deuterium in either diastereotopic methyl group. Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 8315-8318.

I.H. Gilbert, M. Ginty, J.A. O'Neill, T.J. Simpson, J. Staunton and C.L. Willis. Synthesis of b-keto and a,b-unsaturated N-acetylcysteamine thioesters. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1995, 1587-1590.

J.M.Bentley, H.J.Wadsworth and C.L. Willis. Enantioselective synthesis of S- and R- 3-hydroxypyrrolidinones via lactate dehydrogenase catalysed reduction of 4-(Cbz-amino)-2-oxobutanoic acid. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 231-232.

J.J. Ross, J.B. Reid, S.M. Swain, O. Hasan, T.L. Wand, P. Hedden, C.L. Willis and A.T. Poole. Genetic regulation of gibberellin deactivation in the garden pea. The Plant Journal, 1995, 7, 513-523.

C. L. Willis "Enzymatic methods for the enantioselective synthesis of isotopically labelled amino acids" in "Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds", Ed. J.Allen and R. Voges, Wiley 1995, 591-596.

M. Penny, C.L. Willis, P. Gaskin and J.R. Lenton. Identification of gibberellins A₉₁ and A₉₂ from developing wheat grain. Phytochemistry, 1994, 37, 1063-1067.

N.M. Kelly, B.C. O'Neill, J. Probert, G. Reid, R. Stephen, T. Wang, C.L. Willis and P. Winton. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of isotopically labelled L-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 6533-6536.

K. Hanson, J.A. O'Neill, T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis. Bartanol and bartallol, novel macrodiolides from Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 2493-2497.

L.J. Sheriff, M.J. McKay, J.J. Ross, J.B. Reid and C.L. Willis. Decapitation reduces the metabolism of gibberellin A₂₀ to GA₁ in Pisum sativum L., decreasing the Le/ le difference Plant Physiology, 1994, 104, 277-280.

J.A. O'Neill, T.J. Simpson, C.L. Willis and S.D. Lindell. A simple enantioselective synthesis of g-valerolactone. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry , 1994, 117-118.

P.A. Harrison, L. Murtagh and C.L. Willis. Anomalous reactivity of sodium phenylselenide. J. Chem. Soc,. Perkin Commun., 1993, 3047-3050.

M.H. Beale, A. Chen, P.A. Harrison and C.L. Willis. A facile aromatisation of abscisic acid J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 3061-3064.

M. Penny and C.L. Willis. Displacement of a bridgehead mesylate with lithium dialkykcuprates: preparation of 13-methylgibberellin A₄. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 1111-1112.

J.M. Bentley, D.M. Smith, H.J. Wadsworth and C.L. Willis. Isotopic labelling studies on an unstabilised azomethine ylide. J. Chem Res., 1993, 240-241.

M. Penny, C.L. Willis, P. Gaskin and J.R. Lenton. Preparation of gibberellins A₇₉ and A₉₀ and their occurrence in mature wheat grain. Phytochemistry, 1993, 33, 951-956.

J.A. O'Neill, T.J. Simpson and C.L. Willis. Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp ATCC 20502: synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates. J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Comm., 1993, 738-740.

M. Penny, C.L. Willis, A.S. Batsanov and J.A.K. Howard. Novel gibberellin epoxy-alcohols: synthesis and X-ray crystal structure. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1993, 541-545.

J.R. Ross, C.L. Willis, P. Gaskin and J.B. Reid. Shoot elongation in Lathyrus odoratus L: gibberellin levels in light- and dark-grown tall and dwarf seedlings. Planta, 1992, 187, 10-13.

H.M. Wilks, K.M. Moreton, K.W. Hart, J.L. Gelpi, G.M. Casy, R.B. Sessions, C.L. Willis, A.R. Clarke and J.J. Holbrook. “Opportunity for Chiral Synthesis and Redesigned Lactate Dehydrogenases” in “Harnessing Biotechnology for the 21st Century”, ed. M.R. Ladisch and A. Bose, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1992, 150-154.

A. Chen, I.A.F. Velebil and C.L. Willis. Deuterium exchange at C-6 of gibberellin 7-methyl esters: anchimeric assistance by the 19,10g-lactone Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 4057-4060.

J.R. Hanson and C.L. Willis. The effect of some ent-kaur-16-ene alcohols on gibberellic acid biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31, 2709-2712.

P. Gaskin, J. MacMillan I.K. Makinson and C.L. Willis. Preparation of ent-gibberellane and 16-epi-gibberellane J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1992, 1359-1364.

A. Chen, J. MacMillan and C.L. Willis. Partial synthesis of 20-norgibberellin A₁₂ and structural elucidation of a metabolite detected in oilseed rape, Brassica napus. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1991, 3235-3239.

S.J. Castellaro, J. MacMillan and C.L. Willis. Hydrolysis of gibberellin 7-methyl esters: anchimeric assistance by a 15-alcohol. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1991, 2999-3003.

C.L. Willis. “Isotopic Labelling of the Gibberellins” in “Isotopes in Physical and Biomedical Sciences, Volume 1” ed. J.R. Jones, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1991, 232-283.

M.H. Beale, P. Gaskin, J. MacMillan, I.K. Makinson and C.L. Willis. Two efficient syntheses of gibberellin A₈₁ from gibberellin A₃. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1991, 1191-1195.

M.H. Beale and C.L. Willis. “The Gibberellins” in “Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Volume 4 - The Terpenoids”, ed. B.V. Banthorpe and D.V. Charlwood, Academic Press, London 1991, 289-330.

K.S. Albone, P. Gaskin, J. MacMillan and C.L. Willis. The biosynthetic origin of gibberellins A₃ and A₇ in higher plants: metabolic evidence from seeds of Marah macrocarpus and Malus domestica. Plant Physiology, 1990, 94, 132-142.

C.L. Willis. Stereoselectivity of osmylation reactions: synthesis of gibberellins A₇₈ and A₇₉. Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 6437-6440.

S.J. Castellaro, J. MacMillan, A. Singh and C.L. Willis. The preparation and occurrence of gibberellins A₇₅ and A₇₆. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 1990, 145-152.

S.J. Castellaro, S.C. Dolan, J. MacMillan and C.L. Willis. Deuterium labelling of ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid at carbon-6 and -7. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29, 1823-1831.