atomNITROGENatom

SYMBOLN
ATOMIC NUMBER7
ATOMIC WEIGHT14.007
GROUP NUMBER15
STANDARD STATEGAS
COLOURCOLOURLESS
DISCOVERED1772 DANIEL RUTHERFORD, SCOTLAND
ORIGIN OF NAMEFROM THE LATIN NITRUM AND THE GREEK NITRON GENES MEANING NITRE FORMING
USES
  • TO MAKE AMMONIA (THE HABER PROCESS) WHICH IS THEN USED IN FERTILIZERS AND NITRIC ACID FORMATION.
  • AS AN ATMOSTPHERE TO PRODUCE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN.
  • AS A REFRIGERANT FOR FOOD PRODUCTS.
  • IN THE OIL INDUSTRY, TO BUILD UP PRESSURE IN WELLS TO FORCE OIL TO THE SURFACE.
ATOMIC RADIUS0.71 * 10-10M
COMPOUNDS
  • N(-III) NH3, NH4+(aq)
  • N(-II) N2H4, N2H5+(aq)
  • N(-I) NH2OH
  • N(O) N2
  • N(II)NO
  • N(III)HNO2, NO2+(aq), NF3
  • N(IV)N2O4, NO2
EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE (Slater)3.90
DENSITY1026 KgM-3(SOLID AT 21K), 880 KgM-3 (LIQUID AT B.P.), 1.2506 KgM-3(GAS AT 273K)
MELTING POINT63.29 K
BOILING POINT 77.4 K
ENTHALPY OF FUSION0.720 KJMol-1
ENTHALPY OF VAPOURISATION5.577 KJMol-1
ISOTOPESN-13 (Radioactive), N-14, N-15, N-16 (Radioactive), N-17
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION1S22S22P3
FIRST IONISATION ENERGY1402.3 KJMol-1
ELECTRON AFFINITY-7 KJMol-1
SOURCESTHE ATMOSTPHERE
GENERAL INFORMATIONNITROGEN MAKES UP 78% BY VOLUME OF THE ATMOSTPHERE AND IS PRODUCED BY THE LIQUIFACTION AND LIQUID DISTILLATION OF AIR.

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