WATER
The Water Cycle
Water in a Pool
Water compared
Pool Processes

POOL PROCESSES
Acid
Filters
Coagulant
Backwashing

CHEMISTRY IN OZONE
Deozonation

DISINFECTION
Hypochlorite
Chlorine
pH
Organic chloramines

NEW IDEAS
Fringe Treatments
Safety
References

Hannah Morgan, University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, hm9921@bris.ac.uk

 

Water in a Swimming Pool is very different to water in the sea and even in a tap. Water in England and Wales must follow the rules set by the water quality standards in the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989 which are in line with EC Directives. The World Health Organisation, WHO, have rules which reflect worldwide standards. Ofwat governs most of the UK water rules.

Pool water differs from mains water, not just because tap water is too turbid from pool water, but also because it needs to contain many different chemicals. Some of the guidelines that pool water must comply with, with tap water values in brackets are as follows:

Turbidity: less than 0.5 NTU (4 NTU)

Temperature: 27-30 ºC (25 ºC)

pH: 7.2 min, 7.8 max

Sulphate: 360mg SO4/l (250mg SO4/l)

Conductivity: 3000mg/l, c.4250microsiemens/cm  (1500microsiemens/cm)

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