gadolinium

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Symbol:

Gd

Atomic Number:

64

Relative Atomic Mass:

157.25 g mol^-1

Natural Abundance in Lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere:

6 x 10^-4% (mass fraction)

Electron Configuration:

[Xe]4f⁷5d6s²

Oxidation States:

III

Atomic Radius:

178.7pm

Covalent Radius:

161pm

Ionic Radius:

94pm (for +3 oxidation state, 6 coordinate)

111pm (for +3 oxidation state, 9 coordinate)

Melting Point:

1311°C

Density:

7.89 g cm^-3 (at 20°C)

First Ionisation Energy:

6.14 eV

Reduction Potential:

-2.29V

for Gd³⁺ +3e^- a Gd_(s)

Electronegativity (Allred and Rochow):

1.1

Number of Natural Isotopes:

7

Mass Number of the Most Abundant Isotopes:

156 g mol^-1 a 20.5% abundance

158 g mol^-1 a 24.8% abundance

160 g mol^-1 a 21.9% abundance