germanium

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Symbol:

Ge

Atomic Number:

32

Relative Atomic Mass:

72.61 g mol^-1

Natural Abundance in Lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere:

6 x 10^-4% (mass fraction)

Electron Configuration:

[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p²

Oxidation States:

IV

Atomic Radius:

122.5pm

Covalent Radius:

122pm

Ionic Radius:

39pm (for +4 oxidation state, 4 coordinate)

53pm (for +4 oxidation state, 6 coordinate)

Melting Point:

937.4°C

Density:

5.32 g cm^-3 (at 20°C)

First Ionisation Energy:

7.899 eV

Reduction Potential:

0.24V

for Ge²⁺ +2e^- a Ge_(s)

Electronegativity (Allred and Rochow):

2.0

Number of Natural Isotopes:

5

Mass Number of the Most Abundant Isotopes:

70 g mol^-1 a 21.2% abundance

72 g mol^-1 a 27.7% abundance

74 g mol^-1 a 35.9% abundance