niobium

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Symbol:

Nb

Atomic Number:

41

Relative Atomic Mass:

92.90638 g mol^-1

Natural Abundance in Lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere:

2 x 10^-3% (mass fraction)

Electron Configuration:

[Kr]4d⁴5s

Oxidation States:

V, III

Atomic Radius:

142.9pm

Covalent Radius:

134pm

Ionic Radius:

64pm (for +5 oxidation state)

72pm (for +3 oxidation state)

Melting Point:

2468°C

Density:

8.58 g cm^-3 (at 20°C)

First Ionisation Energy:

6.88 eV

Reduction Potential:

-1.099V

for Nb³⁺ + 3e^- a Nb_(s)

Electronegativity (Allred and Rochow):

1.2

Number of Natural Isotopes:

1

Mass Number of the Most Abundant Isotopes:

93 g mol^-1 a 100% abundance