ruthenium

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Symbol:

Ru

Atomic Number:

44

Relative Atomic Mass:

101.07 g mol^-1

Natural Abundance in Lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere:

2 x 10^-6% (mass fraction)

Electron Configuration:

[Kr]4d⁷5s

Oxidation States:

VIII, VI, IV, III, II, 0, -II

Atomic Radius:

132.5pm

Covalent Radius:

125pm

Ionic Radius:

62pm (for +4 oxidation state)

68pm (for +3 oxidation state)

Melting Point:

2310°C

Density:

12.45 g cm^-3 (at 20°C)

First Ionisation Energy:

7.37 eV

Reduction Potential:

0.455V

for Ru²⁺ + 2e^- a Ru_(s)

Electronegativity (Allred and Rochow):

1.4

Number of Natural Isotopes:

7

Mass Number of the Most Abundant Isotopes:

101 g mol^-1 a 17% abundance

102 g mol^-1 a 31.6% abundance

104 g mol^-1 a 18.7% abundance